- Arawak
o Taino, Greater Antilles, northern Lesser Antilles
" Lucayan, Bahamas
o Igneri, Lesser Antilles, 400-1000 AD
o Nepoya, Trinidad
o Suppoya, Trinidad
- Caquetio, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, and Venezuela
- Carib, Lesser Antilles
o Garifuna ("Black Carib"), Originally Dominica and Saint Vincent,
currently Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua
- Ciboney, Greater Antilles, ca. 1000-300 BC
o Guanahatabey (Guanajatabey), Cuba, 1000 BC
- Ciguayo, Hispaniola
- Garifuna ("Black Carib"), Originally Dominica and Saint Vincent,
currently Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua
- Ortoiroid, ca. 5500-200 BC
o Coroso culture, Puerto Rico, 1000 BC-200 AD
o Krum Bay culture, Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, 1500-200 BC
- Saladoid culture, 500 BC-545 AD
2.3.2 Central America
The Central American culture area includes part of El Salvador, most of Honduras, all of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama, and some peoples on or near the Pacific coasts of Colombia and Ecuador.
- Bagaces, Costa Rica
- Bokota, Panama
- Boruca, Costa Rica
- Bribri, Costa Rica
- Cabécar, Costa Rica
- Cacaopera, Costa Rica
- Cayada, Ecuador
- Changuena, Panama
- Embera-Wounaan (Chocó, Wounaan), Colombia, Panama
- Choluteca, Honduras
- Coiba, Costa Rica
- Coito, Costa Rica
- Corobici, Costa Rica
- Desaguadero, Costa Rica
- Dorasque, Panama
- Guatuso, Costa Rica
- Guaymí, Panama
o Movere, Panama
o Murire, Panama
- Guetar, Costa Rica
- Kuna, Panama and Columbia
- Lenca, Honduras and El Salvador
- Mangue, Nicaragua
- Maribichocoa, Honduras and Nicaragua
- Matagalpa, Honduras
- Miskito, Hondrus, Nicaragua
o Miskito Sambu
o Tawira Miskito
- Nagrandah, Nicaragua
- Ngöbe Buglé, Bocas del Toro, Panama
- Nicarao, Nicaragua
- Nicoya, Costa Rica
- Orotiña, Costa Rica
- Paparo, Panama
- Paya, Honduras
- Pech, northeastern Honduras
- Piria, Nicaragua
- Poton, Honduras and El Salvador
- Quepo, Costa Rica
- Rama, Nicaragua
- Sigua, Panama
- Subtiaba, Nicaragua
- Suerre, Costa Rica
- Sumo (Mayagna), Honduras and Nicaragua
- Terraba (Naso, Teribe, Tjër Di), Panama
- Tojar, Panama
- Tolupan (Jicaque), Honduras
- Ulva, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua
- Voto, Costa Rica
- Yasika, Nicaragua
2.3.3 Colombia and Venezuela
The Colombia and Venezuela culture area includes most of Colombia and Venezuela. Southern Colombia is in the Andean culture area, as are some peoples of central and northeastern Colombia, who are surrounded by peoples of the Colombia and Venezuela culture. Eastern Venezuela is in the Guianas culture area, and southeastern Colombia and southwestern Venezuela are in the Amazonia culture area.
- Abibe, northwestern Colombia
- Aburrá, central Colombia
- Agual, western Colombia
- Amaní, central Colombia
- Ancerma, western Colombia
- Antiochia, Colombia
- Arbi, western Colombia
- Arma, western Colombia
- Atunceta, western Colombia
- Auracana, northeastern Colombia
- Buriticá, western Colombia
- Calamari, northwestern Colombia
- Caramanta, western Columbia
- Carate, northeastern Colombia
- Carare, northeastern Colombia
- Carex, northwestern Colombia
- Cari, western Colombia
- Carrapa, western Colombia
- Cartama, western Colombia
- Corbago, northeastern Colombia
- Cosina, northeastern Colombia
- Catio, northwestern Colombia
- Cenú, northwestern Colombia
- Cenufaná, northwestern Colombia
- Chanco, western Colombia
- Coanoa, northeastern Colombia
- Evéjito, western Colombia
- Fincenú, northwestern Colombia
- Gorrón, western Colombia
- Guambía, western Colombia
- Guanebucan, northeastern Colombia
- Guazuzú, northwestern Colombia
- Jamundí, western Colombia
- Lile, western Colombia
- Lache, central Colombia
- Maco (Mako, Itoto, Wotuja, or Jojod), northeastern Colombia and western
Venezuela
- Mompox, northwestern Colombia
- Motilone, northeastern Colombia and western Venezuela
- Naura, central Colombia
- Nauracota, central Colombia
- Noanamá (Waunana, Huaunana, Woun Meu), northwestern Colombia and
Panama
- Nutabé, northwestern Colombia
- Opón, northeastern Colombia
- Pacabueye, northwestern Colombia
- Pancenú, northwestern Colombia
- Patángoro, central Colombia
- Paucura, western Colombia
- Pemed, northwestern Colombia
- Pequi people, western Colombia
- Piaroa, Colombia and Venezuela
- Picara, western Colombia
- Pozo, western Colombia
- Quimbaya, central Colombia
- Quinchia, western Colombia
- Tahamí, northwestern Colombia
- Tamalameque, northwestern Colombia
- Timba, western Colombia
- Tolú, northwestern Colombia
- Toro, western Colombia
- Tupe, northeastern Colombia
- Turbaco people, northwestern Colombia
- Urabá, northwestern Colombia
- Urezo, northwestern Colombia
- Wayuu (Wayu, Wayúu, Guajiro, Wahiro), northeastern Colombia and northwestern
Venezuela
- Xiriguana, northeastern Colombia
- Yamicí, northwestern Colombia
- Yapel, northwestern Colombia
- Yariguies (Yarigui), northeastern Colombia
- Yukpa/Yuko, northeastern Colombia
- Zamyrua, northeastern Colombia
- Zendagua, northwestern Colombia
- Zopia, western Colombia